The story of Kiyomarth, Hoshang, Tahmorth, Jamshid, Dhahak

Although we all know that Hakim Abulqasem Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is one of the greatest literary heritages of the Persian language and a gem in the history of literature and world culture, but few can claim that this work has been read at least once. , read in full! These days, the Shahnameh book is available in various formats in bookstores; Only because all people can benefit from this rich source of wisdom and ethics.

Abolqasem Ferdowsi Tusi (329 AH - 416 AH), born in Tos Khorasan, is an Iranian epic poet and the composer of Shahnameh, the national epic of Iran. Ferdowsi has been considered the greatest orator of Persian speaking. He has world fame. Ferdowsi has also been called Hakim Sokhn and Hakim Toos. Based on the opinion of most of today's researchers, Ferdowsi was born in the year 329 AH equal to 940 AD in the village of Paj in the city of Tos in Khorasan. The year of his birth was obtained from the fact that he mentioned his age in three parts of his poems.

The narrative of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh begins with the kingdom of Kiyomarth. A chivalrous king who ruled for about thirty years. Of course, in other books and old texts remaining from the chronicles of ancient kingdoms, Kiyomarth is introduced as the first human. A person who, after being killed, the human race is influenced by the devil. In the story of Shahnameh, the son of Kiyomarth (Siamak) is killed by Satan's jealousy. After the blood of his grandson (Hoshang) and his life span is filled, Kiyomarth leaves the kingdom to Hoshang.

In Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, we witness the fact that the great singer has been able to move the legends to a dramatic and believable work. In fact, Ferdowsi expresses the deep philosophies behind the old beliefs in the form of good explanation by demythologizing and solving the legendary beliefs in the fabric of the stories.

The story of Kiyomarth, Hoshang, Tahmorth, Jamshid and Dhahak in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh

Something that today's society also needs a lot is ethics and adherence to moral principles. All concepts based on ethics have remained constant from the past until now. Lies, hypocrisy, slander, hatred, betrayal, loyalty, etc. are all issues that have been hidden in human nature since creation. Therefore, many old beliefs, legends and beliefs, although they seem far from reason, but by understanding their philosophy, one can understand the common nature of humans and the way and customs of happiness in this world and the hereafter.

In its stories, Shahnameh shows special aspects of the relationship between fathers and sons. Normally, in every culture, this relationship is so important that Freud, the father of psychology, called it the Oedipus complex. The fact that the father-son relationship is pulled in different directions due to various factors, such as filial piety, patricide, father's support for the son and vice versa, the son's support for the father, are all included in the Shahnameh in the form of very beautiful stories. has been

Ferdowsi was a farmer and a farmer. He spent the beginning of his life in the Samanid era and at the same time with the independence movement and identity seeking among Iranians. With the support of the Persian language, the Samani kings prepared a brilliant era for the development of the Iranian language and thought, and Ferdowsi is clearly indebted to his predecessors and all those who in the third and fourth centuries of Hijri, brought the Persian language to its peak and in the art of speaking. By taking advantage of that capital, he was able to pay his material so brilliantly. In a general view of Ferdowsi's knowledge and learning, it can be said that he knew the Arabic language, but he did not excel in Arabic prose and rhyme. He did not consider Pahlavi reading to be fluent and advanced, but he understood its concept in a preliminary way.

"Hakim" in some sources refers to the wisdom of Khosravani. In Shahnameh, Ferdowsi has linked the culture of Iran before Islam with the culture of Iran after Islam. Also, due to his peasant origin, he was familiar with ancient Iranian culture and rituals and added to the scope of these knowledges. In such a way that this knowledge formed the foundation of his poetic worldview. What Ferdowsi dealt with, apart from the poetic aspect, was also academic; He did not write fairy tales. Ferdowsi considers wisdom as the source and capital of all good things.

He believes that a person with wisdom knows the difference between good and bad, and in this way, he reaches the good fortune of this world and the salvation of the next world. Ferdowsi carefully examined his sources, most of which were Abu Mansouri's Shahnameh. He was able to select and collect material from the vast amount of knowledge available to him that will remain alive in the memory of Iranians, Turks and Indians. The beginning of writing the Shahnameh based on Abu Mansoori's Shahnameh is considered to be when Ferdowsi was 30 years old, but looking at Ferdowsi's ability, it can be concluded that he was also composing in his youth, and he may have composed parts of the Shahnameh at the same time. And it started based on the old stories that were in the spoken stories of the people. This assumption can be one of the reasons for the many inconsistencies in the handwritten editions of the Shahnameh. Apart from rational reasons, it also appears from legendary accounts that Ferdowsi wrote stories separately, and copies of these stories were prepared and passed from hand to hand. Ferdowsi himself refers to the same point about performing the Shahnameh. Among the stories that he is believed to have told when he was young, we can mention the stories of the first few kings, Bijan and Manijeh, Rostam and Esfandiar, Rostam and Sohrab, the story of Akvan Diu and the story of Siavash.

Considering the colorfulness of family relationships in Shahnameh, the stories of this work can be considered very suitable for family members in order to improve their relationships and focus on each other's presence and existence.

Considering that the Shahnameh is a long and demanding book, it is possible that reading all of it requires special conditions and people may not be able to analyze the contents of this work properly. Therefore, examples that examine the stories of the Shahnameh separately will be much better. In addition, such books will be much more suitable for the use of enthusiasts in terms of the type of writing and the final price of the work.

This book contains the story of the kingdom of Kiyomarth until Dhahak. The study of such books, which in a way tells the story of the developments of different societies and social, political and cultural transformations, invites a person to double mental peace, acceptance and resilience. The mission of Parnianandish publishing house is to nurture the thought and growth of people, and for this reason, it is trying to make the process of buying and reading valuable and human-building books easier than before by providing the best possible services. People who are interested in books and reading anywhere in the world can visit the online book store on the website of Parnian Andish Publications, a collection of all kinds of printed and physical books, along with electronic books, along with audio and multimedia books. Buy some of the works online.